As a human when we communicate with each other we use different languages to communicate, in the same way when computers in a network communicate with each other they use different protocols, in protocols there are pre-defined rules which guide two computers how to communicate with each other, no matter if you have different operating systems, different LAN cards on the other end, HTTP, FTP, SMPT, DNS, TCP, SPX, IP, IPX are the common protocols we use generally.
OSI Layer | Layers List | Common Protocols |
7 | Application | |
6 | Presentation | HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS |
5 | Session | |
4 | Transport | TCP, SPX |
3 | Network | IP, IPX |
2 | Data Link | Ethernet |
1 | Physical |
